Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker Essay examples

Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker The early poetry of T. S. Eliot, poems such as The Wasteland or The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is filled his despair of the human condition. Man is a weak soul, easily tempted and filled with lusts, who has no hope of redemption. These views of man did not change when Eliot converted to Catholicism. Eliot still maintained mans desperate plight, but supplemented that belief with the notion that man has some hope through the work of Christ. This expanded view first appeared with the publication of Burnt Norton in 1935. From this poem, Eliot built a delicately intricate set of Christian devotional poems, Four Quartets.†¦show more content†¦Eliot opens the first section of East Coker with the banner In my beginning is my end (l.1). This line is a reversal of the motto of Mary Queen of Scots, in my end is my beginning (Blamires 41). Here lies the foundation of Eliots notion of determinism. It suggests that a mans life and death has been determined at the time of his birth. In the act of coming into the world he is resigned merely to enact that which has already been planned for him. Eliot goes on to describe the birth and death cycle of houses, both physical houses and dynasties (Blamires 41). He reminds the reader that every home will eventually be torn down and replaced, every ruling family will yield power to another. Once a house falls its elements are recycled and recombine to form the next generation. Eliot then brings the reader into the physical realm, somewhere just outside of East Coker. Again, the power of determinism is found in the language. Eliot describes the subject, the you, as standing in a particular lane which insists (l. 18) on his journey into the village; he is hypnotised (l. 20). But Eliot keeps the reader outside the village in a nearby field. There, the poet finds ghosts from the past enacting an ancient marriage celebration. Eliot

Succubus Blues CHAPTER 19 Free Essays

string(78) " I had had higher immortals do that for me a handful of times over the years\." Carter brought me daffodils the next morning. I had no idea where he could have found them this time of year. He’d probably teleported to another continent. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Blues CHAPTER 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"What are these?† I demanded. â€Å"You aren’t coming on to me after all, are you?† â€Å"I’d bring roses for that.† For the first time since I’d known him, the angel looked embarrassed. â€Å"I don’t know. You seemed upset last night. I thought†¦ I thought these might cheer you up.† â€Å"Thanks†¦ that’s nice, I guess. About last night†¦ when I snapped at you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook it off. â€Å"Don’t worry about it. We all have moments of weakness. It’s how we recover from them that really counts.† I put the daffodils in a vase, considered putting them on the counter. Roman’s bouquet, now wilting, was already there, and the red carnations I’d bought the night Duane had died had long since been thrown away. It seemed unfair to give Roman’s flowers competition, so I put Carter’s on the windowsill in my bedroom. After that, the days fell into a comfortable routine. Carter and I never became best friends, but we managed a sort of pleasant equilibrium. We hung out together, watched movies together, and even on occasion cooked together. The angel turned out to be pretty dapper in the kitchen; I was still inept. At work, he followed me around, as invisible and unobtrusive as promised. I wasn’t sure what he did during my shifts. He gave me the impression he wandered the store, people-watching. Maybe even browsing books. I also knew he spent a good deal of time waiting in my office, even if I wasn’t there, hoping another nephilim note might appear. None came. The occasional nephilim flashings did, however, and Carter would disappear for a while without even telling me, either giving me a brief feathery touch on the cheek to indicate his return or speaking a few quick words inside my mind. I also started having coffee with Seth before my shifts. He had been waiting for me that first day back with a white chocolate mocha, and to my surprise, one for himself as well. â€Å"Bruce made it decaf for me,† he had explained. The gesture had been too cute to refuse, so I’d sat and talked with him that day, and the next, and the next†¦ It was hardly cutting him off as I’d intended, but I did stay pretty firm in refusing any other attempts at socializing outside of work. The coffee encounters seemed good enough for him, fortunately, and an interesting dynamic soon developed. Since I was still depressed over Roman, I moved and acted sluggishly, talking very little, too caught up in my own personal misery. Seth must have sensed a bit of this, and rather than let our coffee conversations die in the water, he took the lead in discussion – a notable change for him. It seemed a bit forced at first, but once he grew more comfortable, I found he truly could speak as well as he wrote. I marveled at the shift and enjoyed our time together, finding my heartache over Roman soothed a bit. He’s really nice, Carter noted one morning after I’d left Seth to go work the information desk. I don’t know why you spend so much time mooning over that other guy when you’ve got one like this. It isn’t as simple as Seth being nice or not, I snapped back, still feeling a little weird about the mind-to-mind communication higher immortals employed so readily. And it’s not like I’m looking for a new guy anyway. Besides, you didn’t even know Roman. How can you talk? I know that you didn’t know him for that long. How much could have really developed between you guys? Plenty. He was really funny. And smart. And good looking. I suppose relationships have been built on less. Still, I’m putting my money on Seth. Go away. I have to work. Angels. What did they know? While walking home from the bookstore on my fourth day at work with Carter, he asked, You want to go see Erik? I frowned, thinking. I had worked the early shift today and had to go back tonight to teach the staff’s final dance lesson. I had two hours before that happened and had figured the angel and I would continue our newly formed habit of watching old movies together. â€Å"What do you have in mind?† I asked aloud, once we were safely inside my apartment. He materialized beside me. â€Å"I want to test the waters. We’ve had no nephilim activity in a while. No notes. No attacks. Yet, we know it’s still around because I keep getting those little flashings. Why? What’s its game?† I pulled a can of Mountain Dew out of my refrigerator and sat on a stool. â€Å"And you haven’t ruled out Erik as a leak.† â€Å"No, I haven’t. Like I said before, I don’t want it to be Erik, but he is probably the biggest mortal source of immortal information around.† â€Å"And,† I concluded drearily, â€Å"if he communicates with the nephilim, he might know some of its plans. What are you going to do, shake him down for information? Because I don’t want to be around for that.† â€Å"I don’t work that way. I can tell if people are lying, but I’m not particularly good at†¦ oh, how shall I put this, teasing information out of them. As you noted recently, I’m not exactly charming. You, however, excel at charm.† I didn’t like where this was going. â€Å"What do you want me to do?† â€Å"Nothing out of the ordinary, I promise. Just talk to him like you normally would. Like you were following up on your last conversation. Allude to nephilim if you can, and see what happens. He likes you.† â€Å"What will you do?† â€Å"I’ll be there, just invisible.† â€Å"We’re going to be cutting it close to drive back here in time for the dance lesson.† â€Å"Not true. I’ll teleport you.† â€Å"Ugh.† I had had higher immortals do that for me a handful of times over the years. You read "Succubus Blues CHAPTER 19" in category "Essay examples" It was not pleasant. â€Å"Come on,† he urged, sensing my reluctance. â€Å"Don’t you want to put this nephilim business to an end?† â€Å"All right, all right, let me change clothes. I’m still not convinced we won’t be cramming at the end.† He made some Jerome-like comments about my desire to adorn myself the old-fashioned way, but I ignored him. When I was ready, we both turned invisible, and he gripped my wrists. There was a feeling, only a millisecond long, like wind rushing over me, and then we stood inside a corner of Erik’s store. A faint wave of nausea, similar to what I’d had while drinking heavily, rolled up in me and quickly faded. Seeing no one around, not even Erik, I turned visible. â€Å"Hello?† A few moments later, the old shopkeeper stuck his head out from the back room. â€Å"Miss Kincaid, my goodness. I didn’t hear you come in. It’s a pleasure to see you again.† â€Å"Likewise.† I gave him a prizewinning succubus smile. â€Å"You’re dressed up tonight,† he told me, taking in my dress. â€Å"Special occasion?† â€Å"I’m going dancing after this. In fact, I can’t stay long.† â€Å"Yes, of course. Do you have time for tea then?† I hesitated a moment, and Carter spoke in my head: Yes. â€Å"Yes.† Erik went to put on water, and I cleared off our table, both of us falling into usual roles. When he returned with the tea, I learned it was yet another of his themed herbals, this time called Clarity. I complimented him on it, smiling the whole time, doing my best to play up the charming part. I even made a bit of small talk before finally plunging ahead with my mission objective. â€Å"I wanted to thank you for your help last time with the scripture reference,† I explained. â€Å"It helped me understand the whole fallen angel bit, but I confess†¦ it sort of sent me off in a weird direction.† â€Å"Oh?† His bushy gray eyebrows rose as he brought the cup to his lips. I nodded. â€Å"In mentioning angels falling†¦ it also mentioned those who married and had offspring. Who had nephilim.† Boy, you don’t waste time, Carter noted dryly. The old man nodded along with me, as though I had made a perfectly ordinary observation. â€Å"Yes, yes. Fascinating topic, the nephilim. Quite a controversial subject among biblical scholars.† â€Å"How so?† â€Å"Well, some adherents don’t like to acknowledge that angels, the holiest of the holy, would engage in such base activities, fallen or no. That their half-divine bastards might be walking the world is more startling still. It makes a lot of faithful very angry.† â€Å"But is it true then? That there are nephilim out there?† Erik gave me one of his canny smiles. â€Å"Once again, you ask me questions I’m surprised you don’t know the answer to.† See? This is what he does to me too. Evades the question. You and Jerome do it to us all the time, I shot back to the angel. To Erik I replied, â€Å"Well, like I’ve said before, my scope is rather limited.† He only chuckled, and I pushed the issue. â€Å"So? Are they, or aren’t they out there?† â€Å"You sound like someone chasing extraterrestrials, Miss Kincaid. Ironic, since some conspiracy theorists claim alien sightings are actually nephilim sightings and vice versa. But to reassure you – or not, perhaps – yes, they are indeed out there.† â€Å"Aliens or nephilim ?† I joked, trying to keep the conversation light, though I knew he had meant nephilim. I already knew they existed, but I was glad to hear him reaffirm it so readily. Surely if he wanted to hide being a nephilim’s ally, he would have been more evasive. â€Å"Both, actually, if you spent extensive time around my previous place of employment.† I laughed out loud, recalling how Krystal Starz did indeed stock books on how to commune with beings from outer space. â€Å"I’d forgotten about that. You know, I’ve actually had a few run-ins with your former boss recently.† Erik’s eyes sharpened. â€Å"Have you? What happened?† â€Å"No big deal. Just professional differences, I guess. I poached a few of your old coworkers – Tammiand Janice? – from her. Helena wasn’t very happy.† â€Å"No. I imagine she wouldn’t be. Did she do anything?† â€Å"Came to my work and made a lot of noise, gave me some doom and gloom predictions. No big deal.† â€Å"She’s an interesting woman,† he observed. â€Å"That’s an understatement.† I realized we’d gotten sidetracked and half expected Carter to chastise me for it. He didn’t. â€Å"So, do you know of any way to spot a nephilim ? Anticipate where it’ll be next?† Erik gave me a strange look, not responding right away. I felt my stomach lurch a little. Maybe he did know more about our nephilim. I hoped not. â€Å"Not really,† he finally said. â€Å"Identifying immortals isn’t so easy.† â€Å"But it can be done.† â€Å"Yes, of course, but some are better at hiding than others. Nephilim especially have reason to stay hidden since they’re continually pursued.† â€Å"Even when not being nuisances?† I asked, surprised. Neither Carter nor Jerome had mentioned that. â€Å"Even then.† â€Å"That’s kind of sad.† I remembered the blurb from Harrington’s book, recalling how both heaven and hell had rejected the nephilim. Maybe I’d be really pissed off in that case too, wanting to cause trouble and let both sides know I didn’t approve of their policies. Erik had little more to offer on nephilim, and our conversation digressed further and further. An hour went by to my surprise, as I would have expected Carter to stop me by now. Making my own excuses, I apologized to Erik, telling him I needed to get going. I bought some of the tea as usual, and he urged me to come back anytime, also as usual. When I got to the door, he called hesitantly, â€Å"Miss Kincaid? About nephilim†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I felt gooseflesh rise on me. He did indeed know something about all of this. Damn it. â€Å"Remember, they’re immortal. They’ve been around for a long time, but unlike other immortals, they have no agendas or divine plots to carry out. Many try to simply live meaningful and even ordinary lives.† I pondered this weird piece of information as I walked outside, imagining a nephilim commuting to a day job. Hard to juxtapose that with the horrific images I had otherwise been fostering. Evening had long since fallen, and the parking lot was empty. Turning invisible, I waited for Carter to take us out. And waited. And waited. â€Å"Well? What’s the holdup?† I murmured. No answer. â€Å"Carter?† No answer. Then it hit me: Carter had left on another nephilim hunt. I was alone. Great. What was I supposed to do? I had no car, and regardless of what the angel had said about me being safe when he did this sort of thing, I felt uneasy standing out here alone in the dark. I stepped back inside the store, visible. Erik looked up at me with surprise. â€Å"Do you mind if I wait here for a ride?† â€Å"Not at all.† Of course, now I had to get a ride. Pulling out my new cell phone, I debated who to call. Cody would be the ideal choice, but he lived far south of the bookstore and I was north. He would already be on his way to the dance lesson, and coming up here would only ensure we were both late. I needed someone who lived close by, but I didn’t know anybody except†¦ well, Seth lived in the University District. That wasn’t too far away from Lake City. The tricky part was whether he was actually at his home or still in Queen Anne. Taking the plunge, I called his cell. â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"It’s Georgina. Where are you at?† â€Å"Urn, home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Great. Would you mind giving me a ride?† Fifteen minutes later, Seth arrived at Erik’s. I’d half expected Carter to show back up in that time, but there’d been no sign of him. Thanking Seth, I slid into his car. â€Å"I really appreciate you doing this. My ride kind of flaked out on me.† â€Å"I don’t mind.† He hesitated and gave me a sidelong glance. â€Å"You look beautiful.† â€Å"Thanks.† I had on a red sleeveless dress with a corset-like top. â€Å"It could use a flannel shirt, though.† It took me a moment to remember the ensemble I’d worn to his brother’s, a moment longer still to recall I’d never given him the shirt back. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I told him after I pointed the same thing out to him. â€Å"I’ll bring it back soon.† â€Å"Not a problem. I’m still holding your book hostage, after all. Fair is fair. Feel free to wear it some more, so it smells like you and that perfume.† He abruptly shut up, apparently fearing he’d said too much, which was probably true. I wanted to laugh the comment off, ease his embarrassment a little, but instead all I could imagine was Seth holding the flannel shirt to his face, inhaling deeply, because it smelled like me. The image was so sexy, so utterly provocative, that I turned slightly away from him, looking out the window to hide my feelings and suddenly heavy breathing. What a shameless strumpet I was, I decided as the rest of the car ride proceeded in dead silence. Crying over Roman one minute, suddenly wanting to jump into bed with Seth the next. I was fickle. I gave out mixed signals to men, flitting from one to another, beckoning with one hand and pushing away with the other. Admittedly, the Martin energy ride was fast coming to an end, so most males were starting to look pretty good again, but still†¦ I had no shame. I didn’t even know who or what I wanted anymore. When Seth parked but refused to come in with me to Emerald City, I felt guilty, knowing he thought that I thought he must be a pervert or something for the perfume comment. I couldn’t let that go, couldn’t stand the thought of him feeling bad over me. Especially when the perfume remark had been kind of a turn-on. I had to fix things. I leaned toward him, hoping the corset top would do half my work for me in smoothing the matter over. â€Å"Do you remember that one scene in The Glass House? The one where O’Neill walks that waitress home?† He raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Um, I wrote that scene.† â€Å"If I recall, doesn’t he say something about what a shame it is to abandon a woman in a low-cut dress?† Seth stared at me, expression unreadable. Finally, a not-so-dazed smile flickered onto his face. â€Å"He says, ‘A man who leaves a woman alone in a dress like that is no man at all. A woman in a dress like that doesn’t want to be alone.’ â€Å" I looked back at him meaningfully. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Well, what?† â€Å"Don’t make me spell it out. I’m in this dress, and I don’t want to be alone. Come inside with me. You owe me a dance, you know.† â€Å"And you know I don’t dance.† â€Å"You think that’d stop O’Neill?† â€Å"I think O’Neill kind of goes off the deep end sometimes. He doesn’t know his limits.† I shook my head in exasperation and turned away. â€Å"Wait,† Seth called. â€Å"I’m coming.† â€Å"Cutting it close, aren’t you?† Cody asked me later when we arrived in the cafe of the now closed bookstore, practically running. I gave him a quick hug, and he and Seth nodded cordially at each other before the author blended off into the crowd of staff. â€Å"It’s a long story.† â€Å"Is it true?† Cody whispered in my ear, leaning toward me. â€Å"Is Carter hanging around right now?† â€Å"No, actually. He was, but then he just bailed on me. That’s why I’m late. I had to call Seth to pick me up.† The young vampire’s serious mien relaxed. â€Å"I’m sure that was a big sacrifice for both of you.† Ignoring the jibe, I rounded up the troops so the lesson could get under way. As we had observed last time, most were about as ready as they would ever get. We didn’t teach anything new, choosing instead to review old techniques, making sure the basics were solid. Seth, as he had stated, did not dance. He had a harder time resisting, however, as most of the staff knew him well by now. Many of the women tried to entreat him. He remained obstinate. â€Å"He’d dance if you asked him,† Cody told me at one point. â€Å"I doubt it. He’s been refusing all night.† â€Å"Yeah, but you’re persuasive.† â€Å"Carter implied the same thing. I don’t know when I got this reputation as Miss Congeniality.† â€Å"Just ask him.† Rolling my eyes, I walked over to Seth, noticing his gaze was already on me. â€Å"All right, Mortensen, last chance. Are you ready to make the switch from voyeur to exhibitionist?† He inclined his head toward me curiously. â€Å"Are we still talking about dancing?† â€Å"Well, that depends, I suppose. I heard someone once say that men dance the same way they have sex. So, if you want everyone here to think you’re the kind of guy who just sits around and – â€Å" He stood up. â€Å"Let’s dance.† We stepped out, and despite his bold declaration, his nervousness came through loud and clear. His palm was sweaty as he grasped my hand, his other hand almost too hesitant to fully rest its weight on my hip. â€Å"Your hand swallows mine up,† I teased him gently, easing mine inside his. â€Å"Just relax. Listen to the music, and count the beats. Watch my feet.† As we moved, I had the impression he had done the basic step before. He had no trouble remembering the pattern. His problem was coordinating his feet with the music, a behavior which came instinctually to me. I could tell he literally counted beats in his head, forcefully lining them up with his feet. Consequently, he spent more time looking down than at me. â€Å"Are you going to come with us when we go out?† I asked conversationally. â€Å"Sorry. I can’t talk and count at the same time.† â€Å"Oh. Okay.† I did my best to hide a smile. We continued on this way, in silence, until the lesson ended. It never became a natural process for Seth, but he never missed any steps, paying attention to them with steadfast determination and diligence, sweating profusely the entire time. Standing so close to him, I could again feel something akin to static in the air between us, heady and electric. I made the rounds with Cody as things closed down, telling everybody goodbye. Seth was one of the last to leave, approaching Cody and me as we walked out the back door. â€Å"Nice job tonight,† Cody told him. â€Å"Thanks. My reputation was on the line.† Seth turned to me. â€Å"I hope I redeemed myself with the whole dancing-sex comparison.† â€Å"I suppose there were a couple of notable similarities,† I observed, holding a straight face. â€Å"A couple? What about attention to detail, heavy exertion, lots of sweat, and single-minded determinedness to get the job done and done well?† â€Å"Mostly I was thinking you just don’t talk during sex.† Mean perhaps, but I couldn’t resist. â€Å"Well, my mouth has better things to do.† I swallowed, my own mouth dry. â€Å"Are we still talking about dancing?† Seth told us good night and left. I watched him go wistfully. â€Å"Anyone else here feel like swooning?† â€Å"I sure do,† came Carter’s jovial voice behind us. Cody and I both jumped. â€Å"Christ,† I exclaimed. â€Å"How long have you been back?† â€Å"No time for small talk. Hang on, kids.† After giving a quick glance around to ascertain we were alone, the angel suddenly grabbed our wrists. I felt that nauseating, rushing feeling again, and the next thing I knew, we stood in a very elegantly decorated living room. I had never seen this place before, but it was beautiful. Coordinated leather furniture adorned the room, expensive-looking art hung on the walls. Opulence. Style. Magnificence. The only problem was, the entire place had been trashed. Slashes marred the posh furniture, tables had been knocked ‘over, and the art was either askew or defiled or both. On one wall, a huge symbol I didn’t recognize had been spray-painted: a circle with one line crossing it vertically and another cutting through at an angle, left to right. The glamour mixed with such desecration left me utterly dumbfounded. â€Å"Welcome to Ch §?eau Jerome,† Carter announced. How to cite Succubus Blues CHAPTER 19, Essay examples

Health Research Essay Outline

Question: What is skin cancers. Describe its causes, prevention and treatment. Answer: Introduction Skin cancers are the type of cancers that occurs in the skin. It is caused by the development of the abnormal cells which can spread in all the body parts. Three categories of skin cancer exist. They are basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer and melanoma. The major cause of all the skin cancers is ultraviolet rays from the sun. It is the highest prevalent cancer that occurs in 40% of all the population. Globally it causes many deaths and the common sufferers are from Australia and New Zealand (Boniol et al, 2011). Due to skin cancer there occurred 80,000 deaths in the year 2010 out of which 49,000 was due to melanoma cancers and rest due to non melanoma cancers. Causes The risk and the contributing factors of getting skin cancer are explained as following: UV exposure: The sources are sunlight, tanning lamps, beds etc. The DNA of the cells of skin is damaged. Three types of UV rays are there. First is UVA that cause the skin cell to age and cause some damage (Narayanan DL, Saladi, RN, Fox, JL, September 2010). Second is UVB that cause direct DNA skin cells damage. Third is UVC does not causes skin cancer. Moles: Nevus is a benign pigmented tumor. Many moles in the body show signs of melanoma. One is dysplastic nevi and the other Congenital melanocytic nevi, these are the ones present from birth and the risk levels are less. The risk is directly proportional to the size of moles. The larger the size the greater is the risk of developing skin cancer. Fair skin colour, light hairs and freckling spots. Family history: The risk of melanoma is higher of one or more of the first relative is having melanoma. In DNA only the mutation occurs and because of this sometimes the repair capability of DNA is lost. Personal history: An individual who earlier had skin cancer can develop it again. Immune suppression: Individuals with weak immune system or who had been medicated in a way that suppresses the immune system are at a greater risk. Age: It is found in older ones and younger ones, especially persons younger than 30. Gender: Males are at higher risk than females. Xeroderma pigmentosum: It is inherited condition that results from the enzyme defect that is meant to repair the damaged DNA (Boring, 2011). Individuals with this condition are at a higher risk of getting infected. Prevention To prevent oneself from skin cancer one following must be done: Avoiding sunduring the peak time. Applying sun screen always Wearing protective clothing Avoiding tanning beds. Keeping oneself aware about the medicines that are sun sensitizing Checking skin regularly. Treatment The major treatments that are done for skin cancer are: Surgery: In this the entire growth is removed by the surgeon with the help of a scalpel. Freezing: It is the process of destroying the lesion by using liquid nitrogen. Scraping: The growth is scraped off with a curette (Leiter et al, 2008). Radiotherapy: In this high energy rays are used to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy: The cancer killing drugs are used to kill the cells. Conclusion The research is ongoing to introduce the contributing factors, history of skin cancer, presence of moles, exposure to rays or immune suppression. The studies that are performed in the present and the future focuses on to protect males. It is a major health crisis in Australia. So many deaths occur every year, so it is responsibility of the Australian government to create more and more methodologies to protect and prevent the skin cancer spread. As seen the major sufferers are men so special preventions methods should adopted for them. Special care must be taken to prevent the spread of the condition within a family by teaching them the mechanisms of the spread and explaining the family members also how to prevent themselves. References Boniol M, Autier P, Boyle P, Gandini S. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. Correction. BMJ. 2012;345C. Boring, T. S. Squires and T. Tong (2011). "Cancer statistics, 1991". SA Cancer Journal for Clinician 41 (1): 1936. Leiter, U; Garbe, C (2008). "Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer--the role of sunlight.". Advances in experimental medicine and biology 624. Narayanan DL, Saladi, RN, Fox, JL (September 2010). "Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer.". International Journal of Dermatology 49 (9): 97886.

Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs

For the past fifteen years, professionals have made a lot of effort to encourage women to go for top management jobs. Research has proved that a myriad of women are unwilling to take up senor positions despite their qualifications. There has been a lot of optimism during this period. However, nothing has been forthcoming, even though this gender makes close to a half of the workforce in the world (Bauer 2011).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Why are many women then unwilling to go for the top jobs in large numbers as would be expected? There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, stereotyping is one such that many women at the top have to face. This stereotype could be implied or outright in some cases. Apart from deterring many women from rising through the ranks, stereotyping discourages the top crà ¨me of women from clingi ng to these positions as long as their male counter parts would remain. Most women in these executive positions simply give up and quit. Others would prefer to take it out on the husband, belittling the role that the woman he has married plays in the relationship. For example, most of these stereotypes may very well claim that such women have very little to do with the way their children are raised (Bolton, 2008) As a result, the standing of an executive woman in a family set up is at stake. In an article about a woman executive at PepsiCo in North America, we encounter a company with a strong corporate culture. The woman’s name is Brenda Barnes and she rises to the level of president in charge of North America at PepsiCo. The article presents her busy schedule, waking up as early at a half past three in the morning to start work. The writer also narrates how she cares for her children before going off to work. There is also a vivid description of how during the day she parti cipates actively in running the company before going back home to her family. Barnes also makes a lot of sacrifices by moving around whenever her job requires her to. She even becomes a potential replacement for the company’s president but chooses to leave her position due to pressure to fulfill her domestic obligations (Tischler, 2004).Advertising Looking for critical writing on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper does not mention Barnes’ husband. This shows how feminist this article is with regard to its view towards men, also, the house’s help or any other person who assisted her with taking care of the children. Instead, the paper presents her as taking the center stage and doing everything to do with family on her own. There may also have to be some men or a man who assisted her during her stay at the top of the company even though most men are sexist. The writer goes on to tell us that Barnes is still happy with her decision to quit her job six years down the line (Tischler, 2004). This article exposes the challenges that women encounter during the period that they are in executive positions. It gives an insight into this scenario, even though the article too much emphasis on the woman’s role both at home and work. One thing is clear though: women face a lot more challenges at the top compared to men. References Bauer, G. (2011). Women in Executive Power (1st edition ed.). New York: Routledge. Bolton, M. K. (2008). The talent stampede: why executive women leave corporate America and how to retain them. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Tischler, L. (2004). Where Are the Women? Fast Company 1-2. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/48593/where-are-women This critical writing on Women Unwilling and Top Management Jobs was written and submitted by user Judah V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The death of Socrates essays

The death of Socrates essays Socrates was born in Athens in 469 BCE. His father was a sculptor, and his mother was a mid-wife. Socrates was reportedly unattractive in appearance and short of build, but was extremely resilient and self-controlled. During his childhood he spent most of his time receiving an elementary education in literature, music and gymnastics. After his education he followed his fathers occupation of sculpting, which was a tradition. Later he served as an infantryman in the Peloponnesian war with Sparta. Socrates believed that argument teachings. Socrates opposed the Sophists, arguing that there are absolute standards of right and wrong, and good and bad which were based solely on knowledge. Since he disagreed with many of the Sophists of his time, he was tried and put to death, which he accepted with honor and dignity. Plato recounts the last hours of Socrates' life in a moving dialogue (The Apology) which reaffirms Socrates love for truth, honor and his disregard for material goods. Socrates was put on trial to defend himself against allegations made by Meletus. Meletus accused Socrates of corrupting the minds of the youth, in Athens. Just like his philosophical practice, Socrates challenged all the allegations made against him by picking arguments with the jury in court. Socrates gave the jury some insights on his prospective of death. He tells them that he isnt afraid of death. He says that emotions follow from knowledge and since he doesnt have any knowledge about death, he has no feelings or emotions about death. For let me tell you, gentlemen, that to be ...

Why Hercules Had to Perform the 12 Labors

Why Hercules Had to Perform the 12 Labors For most of his life, Hercules (Greek: Herakles/Heracles) was in thrall to his cousin-once-removed, Eurystheus, the King of Tiryns, but it was not until Hercules committed unspeakable acts that Eurystheus got to have some fun at his cousins expense- with the help of Hera. Hera, who had been angry with Hercules since even before he was born and had repeatedly tried to destroy him, now drove the hero mad and delusional. In this state, Hercules imagined he saw Lycus, the tyrant of Thebes who killed Creon and plans to kill Hercules family, accompanied by his family. Here is a section on the slaughter, from a 1917 English translation of Senecas tragedy (Translated by Miller, Frank Justus. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1917): [He catches sight of his children.][987] But look! here lurk the children of the king, my enemy, the abominable spawn of Lycus; to your detested father this hand forthwith shall send you. Let my bowstring discharge swift arrows- so it is meet that the shafts of Hercules should fly.... THE VOICE OF MEGARA[1014] Husband, spare me now, I beg. See, I am Megara. This is thy son, with thine own looks and bearing. See, how he stretches out his hands. THE VOICE OF HERCULES:[1017] I have caught my stepdame [Juno/Hera]. Come, pay me thy debt, and free o’ermastered Jove from a degrading yoke. But before the mother let this little monster perish.Seneca Hercules Furens In reality, the figures the Greek hero saw were his own children and his well-loved wife, Megara. Hercules slew them all (or most of them) and incinerated 2 of the children of his brother Iphicles, as well. In some accounts, Megara survived. In these, when he came to his senses, Hercules transferred his wife, Megara to Iolaus. [To learn more about Hercules murderous rage, you should read the Hercules Furens tragedies of Seneca and Euripides.] Here is an extended passage from the same translation of Hercules Furens, on the motivation of Juno: [19] But I lament ancient wrongs; one land, the baneful and savage land of Thebes, scattered thick with shameless mistresses, how oft has it made me stepdame! Yet, though Alcmena be exalted and in triumph hold my place; though her son, likewise, obtain his promised star (for whose begetting the world lost a day, and Phoebus with tardy light shone forth from the Eastern sea, bidden to keep his bright car sunk beneath Oceans waves), not in such fashion shall my hatred have its end; my angry soul shall keep up a long-living wrath, and my raging smart, banishing peace, shall wage unending wars.[30] What wars? Whatever fearsome creature the hostile earth produces, whatever the sea or the air has borne, terrific, dreadful, noxious, savage, wild, has been broken and subdued. He rises anew and has thrives on trouble; he enjoys my wrath; to his own credit he turns my hate; imposing too cruel tasks, I have but proved his sire, but give room for glory. Where the Sun, as he brings back, and whe re, as he dismisses day, colours both Ethiop races with neighbouring torch, his unconquered valour is adored, and in all the world he is storied as a god. Now I have no monsters left, and tis less labour for Hercules to fulfil my orders than for me to order; with joy he welcomes my commands. What cruel biddings of his tyrant could harm this impetuous youth? Why, he bears as weapons what he once fought and overcame; he goes armed by lion and by hydra.[46] Nor is earth vast enough for him; behold, he has broken down the doors of infernal Jove, and brings back to the upper world the spoils7 of a conquered king. I myself saw, yes, saw him, the shadows of nether night dispersed and Dis overthrown, proudly displaying to his father a brothers spoils. Why does he not drag forth, bound and loaded down with fetters, Pluto himself, who drew a lot equal to Joves? Why does he not lord it over conquered Erebus and lay bare the Styx? It is not enough merely to return; the law of the shades has bee n annulled, a way back has been opened from the lowest ghosts, and the mysteries of dread Death lie bared. But he, exultant at having burst the prison of the shades, triumphs over me, and with arrogant hand leads through the cities of Greece that dusky hound. I saw the daylight shrink at sight of Cerberus, and the sun pale with fear; upon me, too, terror came, and as I gazed upon the three necks of the conquered monster I trembled at my own command.[63] But I lament too much oer trivial wrongs. Tis for heaven we must fear, lest he seize the highest realms who has overcome the lowest- he will snatch the sceptre from his father. Nor will he come to the stars by a peaceful journey as Bacchus did; he will seek a path through ruin, and will desire to rule in an empty universe. He swells with pride of tested might, and has learned by bearing them that the heavens can be conquered by his strength; he set his head beneath the sky, nor did the burden of that immeasurable mass bend his should ers, and the firmament rested better on the neck of Hercules. Unshaken, his back upbore the stars and the sky and me down-pressing. He seeks a way to the gods above.[75] Then on, my wrath, on, and crush this plotter of big things; close with him, thyself rend him in pieces with thine own hands. Why to another entrust such hate? Let the wild beasts go their ways, let Eurystheus rest, himself weary with imposing tasks. Set free the Titans who dared to invade the majesty of Jove; unbar Sicilys mountain cave, and let the Dorian land, which trembles whenever the giant struggles, set free the buried frame of that dread monster; let Luna in the sky produce still other monstrous creatures. But he has conquered such as these. Dost then seek Alcides match? None is there save himself; now with himself let him war. Rouse the Eumenides from the lowest abyss of Tartarus; let them be here, let their flaming locks drop fire, and let their savage hands brandish snaky whips.[89] Go now, proud one, se ek the abodes of the immortals and despise mans estate. Dost think that now thou hast escaped the Styx and the cruel ghosts? Here will I show thee infernal shapes. One in deep darkness buried, far down below the place of banishment of guilty souls, will I call up- the goddess Discord, whom a huge cavern, barred by a mountain, guards; I will bring her forth, and drag out from the deepest realm of Dis whatever thou hast left; hateful Crime shall come and reckless Impiety, stained with kindred blood, Error, and Madness, armed ever against itself- this, this be the minister of my smarting wrath![100] Begin, handmaids of Dis, make haste to brandish the burning pine; let Megaera lead on her band bristling with serpents and with baleful hand snatch a huge faggot from the blazing pyre. To work! claim vengeance for outraged Styx. Shatter his heart; let a fiercer flame scorch his spirit than rages in Aetnas furnaces. That Alcides may be driven on, robbed of all sense, by mighty fury smitten, mine must be the frenzy first- Juno, why ravst thou not? Me, ye sisters, me first, bereft of reason, drive to madness, if I am to plan some deed worthy a stepdames doing. Let my request be changed; may he come back and find his sons unharmed, that is my prayer, and strong of hand may he return. I have found the day when Hercules hated valour is to be my joy. Me has he overcome; now may he overcome himself and long to die, though late returned from the world of death. Herein may it profit me that he is the son of Jove, I will stand by him and, that his shafts may fly from string unerring, Ill poise them with my hand, guide the madmans weapons, and so at last be on the side of Hercules in the fray. When he has done this crime, then let his father admit those hands to heaven![123] Now must my war be set in motion; the sky is brightening and the shining sun steals up in saffron dawn. Hercules Seeks Purification for His Crimes Madness was not an excuse for the carnage- not even madness sent by the gods- so Hercules had to make amends. First, he went to King Thespius on Mt. Helicon [see a map of northern Greece, Dd, in Boeotia] for purification, but that wasnt enough. Hercules' Expiation and Marching Orders To learn what further course he must take, Hercules consulted the oracle at Delphi where the Pythian priestess told him to expiate his crime by serving King Eurystheus for 12 years. During this 12-year period, Hercules had to perform the 10 labors the king would require of him. The Pythian also changed Hercules name from Alcides (after his grandfather Alcaeus) to what we normally call him, Heracles (in Greek) or Hercules (the Latin form and the one most commonly used today regardless of whether the reference is to a Greek or Roman myth). The Pythian also told Hercules to move to Tiryns. Willing to do anything to atone for his murderous rage, Hercules obliged. The Twelve Labors- Introduction Eurystheus set before Hercules a series of impossible tasks. If completed, some of them would have served a useful purpose because they removed the world of dangerous, predatory monsters- or excrement, but others were capricious whims of a king with an inferiority complex: Comparing himself with the hero was bound to make Eurystheus feel inadequate. Since Hercules was doing these tasks to atone for his crimes, Eurystheus insisted there be no ulterior motive. Because of this restriction, when King Augeas of Elis [see Peloponnese map Bb] promised Hercules a fee for cleaning his stables (Labor 5), Eurystheus denied the feat: Hercules had to do another to fill his quota. That King Augeas reneged and did not pay Hercules made no difference to Eurystheus. Other tasks the king of Tiryns set his nephew were make-work. For instance, once Hercules retrieved the apples of the Hesperides (Labor 11), but Eurystheus had no use for the apples, so he had Hercules send them back again. Eurystheus Hides From Hercules One more important point needs to be made in connection with these tasks. Eurystheus did not just feel inferior to Hercules; he was also afraid. Anyone who could survive the suicide missions on which King Eurystheus had sent the hero must be very powerful indeed. It is said Eurystheus hid in a jar and insisted- contrary to the instructions of the Pythian priestess- that Hercules stay outside the Tiryns city limits.

Social Performance of Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Performance of Organizations - Essay Example The focus of the company has been restricted in the production and supply of oil related products and services. However, the company has been faced with several environmental challenges including the famous oil spills in the sea (Okbor, 2001, p. 23). The spillage caused the death over fifteen workers in the process. In spite of the challenges posed, the company does not have challenge with the volume of oil and gas produced but has been facing competition from other market related factors and companies. The major issue affecting BP is the failure to address major spillage catastrophe such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill. The spillage is a major environmental safety incident that affected the performance of the company. It led to negative publicity, which in turn affected the organization through suits such as the case of the company against the employees. During the hearing, the company pleaded guilty to 11 counts of felony and manslaughter. In addition, they pleaded guilty of two misdemeanors and one felony count for providing wrong information to the congress. Environmental safety is an issue that has affected the company negatively owing to the 2010 incident which created a negative perception. The pleading guilty of the company affected its public image and led to serious challenges in conducting business. In fact, the company spent a lot of money on fines and penalties which totaled to $4.5 billion in fines and penalty (Crane & Matten, 2007, p. 14). The amount is the large st in the company history. Despite the conclusion of certain cases, there is still challenge on the pending cases which are scheduled to end this year. In overall, the organization faces damages of close to 17.6 billion in the trial. The Deepwater incident of 2010 is a major catastrophe for the company in terms of business and the public image. The focus of the world today is on the protection of

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Reading response - Essay Example This paper examines the components and elements of the Kennan Telegram. George Kennan was an advisor at the US embassy in Moscow and he had a critical review and analysis of the Soviet Union and how they sought to pursue their foreign policy against Capitalist nations and non-friendly nations. In his telegram, George Kennan stated that the Soviet Union sought to promote and export their Communist ideology and promote revolutions in Capitalist nations. He stated in his telegram that â€Å"In course of further development of international revolution there will emerge two centers of world significance: a socialist center and drawing to itself the countries which tend toward socialism, and a capitalist center, drawing to itself the countries that incline toward capitalism.† This was at the center of Truman’s doctrine and later the presentation of the need to prevent the domino effect of Communism (Miscamble 54). This was central in shaping American Cold War ideology. The telegram also warned of the Soviet strategy of implanting Marxists in foreign nations to try to promote Marxism through spies. This formed the basis for the probing of various internal elements in the United States. This claim gained significance when the Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons and there were accusations that US spies were involved in the process. This led to â€Å"Macarthyism† which became a byword for the targeting and persecution of suspected Soviet spies (Lacey 211). Kennan’s telegram also sought to present an argument for the presentation of the Soviet Union as an aggressive nation that sought to exert its expansionist policy in various forms similar to the methods used in imperialist Russia (Lacey 211). This presented the Soviet Union as a threat to the American people and prompt action against the Soviet Union In conclusion, Kennan’s telegram was a strong and critical message that presented the Marxist and expansionist ideology of the Soviet Union to the US

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay Example for Free

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay The computation of gross profit on sales, which can be derived under the absorption costing approach, is a profitability measure normally conducted under financial analysis.   This accounting ratio outlines the gross profit generated from every $100 of sales.   Such measure is highly useful in financial analysis, because it provides indications on the profitability potential and cost efficiency of the company.  Ã‚   For instance, if there was an increase in sales of 10%, but the gross profit margin declined by 4%. This indicates that the cost efficiency of the organization deteriorated during the period.    Such analysis cannot be conducted under the contribution margin approach, because gross profit is not present.   However, under the contribution margin approach one can calculate the contribution to sales ratio which indicates the contribution determined from every $100 of sales.   This would also provide indications on the control of variable costs once compared over time. Difference in Net Income arising from different approaches. In the example of ABC Company the profit under the two methods is the same.   However, this is not always the case.   Profits under the two methods differ whenever there is movement in inventory.   This is due to the fact that since under the absorption costing technique fixed manufacturing costs are included in the cost of goods sold, a proportion of fixed costs will be included in inventory leading to such a difference. Contribution margin approach not allowable for external reporting. The contribution margin approach, despite being highly useful to provide valuable information for decision making, is not acceptable for external reporting.   This is due to the fact that it does not comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). For example, under the GAAP the income statement layout should clearly outline the gross profit made by the company.   Under the contribution margin method this is not highlighted.   Another important reason why the absorption approach is allowable for external reporting and not the contribution approach is due to the way in which the income statement is classified. The GAAP state that the income statement is classified by function, like under the absorption method.   In the contribution approach it is classified by cost behavior.   Indeed separation between fixed and variable costs is made under such method. This conflicts with another requirement of the GAAP. Reference: Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.

Religion Essay -- Morality

While the degree of religious fervor has flourished and waned in various civilizations, religion itself has never ceased to be a point of interest. At times, it has enjoyed effusive praise while at other times it has met cold reception. Religion as explored in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and The Stranger by Albert Camus is openly criticized. Under the harsh, bald statements of realism, religion loses its ethereal wonder and under the hostile stare of absurdism, religion renounces its meaning. Flaubert’s protagonist, Emma, and his other characters more often than not possess only a superficial understanding of faith, essentially precluding any of religion’s positive impact. Meanwhile, Camus derides religion as a futile endeavor in an indifferent world and casts an unfriendly light on the religious magistrate, who is juxtaposed with the protagonist, Meursault. Thus, Camus depicts the futile proselytizing of an absurdist man, who disregards religion, while Flaubert illustrates the failure of religion to save a woman consumed by romanticism. In both cases, religion is criticized for falling short of delivering its purported salvation. Morality, the pride of religious followers, is much heralded as a virtue, yet Camus and Flaubert depict a different reality where religion fails to prevent immorality, much less promote morality. Camus calls into question the definition of â€Å"morality†: on what basis are other people deemed to be moral or immoral? on whose consensus is that morality then heralded? From the prosecutor’s point of view, the fact that Meursault â€Å"hadn’t wanted to see Maman, that [he] hadn’t cried once† during her funeral is sufficient evidence to condemn him (Camus 89). As the title of the book The Stranger suggests... ...bert unflinchingly peels back the social niceties to display religion as it has evolved into an inadequate, superficial interest for his characters. As represented in both books, religion is more a distraction than a panacea for life’s hurdles. It fails to moderate the passion of Emma, who clings to religion with the same pitiful desperation as she did with her affairs. Meursault refuses to conform to any sort of religious nexus and in the process, ironically opening himself up to the hostility of the world and die joyfully. While the defiance of Meursault against religion results in his absurdist happiness, the turmoil of Emma’s life, caused by her romantic urges, her encumbered social position, and the repeated failures of religion, end in death by rat poison. Two deaths thus signify very different lives, but religion as found in both texts is condemned.

My Bodyguard Essay

â€Å"The Bodyguard†, released in 1980, is a sensational movie that addresses the subject of bullying really well. This movie gives us a closer look at the life of bullies, and the ones going through the horrible nightmare. It shows how bullies make a name for themselves among their peers, and what the innocent people have to endure every day. The actors in this movie are very talented which makes the movie very engaging and entertaining. The Bodyguard also has a very strong moral that everyone can learn from and remember for the rest of their lives. A teacher could use this movie to teach a unit about bullying because it demonstrates the importance of friends when we are going through tough times in our lives. In My Bodyguard, when Clifford (main character) moves to Chicago, he has no friends so he becomes the main victim for bullies. Clifford doesn’t know anyone in his new school, therefore, he is scared to stand up for himself. The bullies make fun of him, steal his lunch money, and even hurt him sometimes. But, there is nothing he could do. Finally, when Clifford becomes friends with a guy named Linderman, he has someone to protect him from the evil bullies. When a friend steps in, the bullying will stop. My Bodyguard could also be helpful to a teacher because it gives us a better understanding of the bullies. This movie shows us that bullies are nothing but cowards. Some bullies are looking for attention. They might think bullying is a way to be popular or to get what they want. Most bullies are trying to make themselves feel more important. When they pick on someone else, it can make them feel big and powerful. The two main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status. Bullies will only bully you if you look weak and you are scared of them. When you learn to stand up for yourself, the bullies will back off and eventually stop bugging you. People become bullies because they have many problems in their lives and they try to make themselves feel better by hurting others. If you show the bully you are brave and feel good about yourself, the bullying will stop automatically. My Bodyguard demonstrates that in the end, most bullies wind up in trouble. If they keep acting mean and hurtful, sooner or later they may have only a few friends left, usually other kids who are just like them. The power they wanted slips away fast. Other kids move on and leave bullies behind. Furthermore, My Bodyguard illustrates the life of the people going through bullying. A teacher could use this movie to show the students what it is like to be bullied. Bullying can take away the fun of being a teenager, and give you nightmares to remember. Being bullied can make kids feel really terrible. Bullying can make kids not want to play outside or go to school. It can even give people suicidal thoughts. It’s hard to keep your mind on schoolwork when you’re worried about dealing with bullies. Bullying can make school a place of fear and can lead to more violence and more stress for everyone. In conclusion, My Bodyguard is a great movie for everyone to see. It shows us the importance of friends, and gives us a closer look at the life of bullies and the ones getting bullied. The movie is very entertaining, and hopefully everyone can learn something from it. My Bodyguard is definitely one of the best movies that addresses the subject of bullying.

Psychology from Descartes’ Perspective Essay

A definition of psychology takes only a few brief words: It is the systematic study of behavior and the factors that influence behavior (Calkins, 1916). Yet that simple statement covers a wide range of subject matter so vast that, just like the universe itself, its boundaries defy imagination. problems and seek ways to cope with them (Murchison, 1929). The factors that influence behavior are also many and varied. The most important is the human brain, but the brain itself is immensely complex; it is made up of 10 billion nerve cells, of scores of different kinds performing different functions, that are intricately connected and interconnected and constantly exchanging messages coded into little jolts of electricity and chemical activity (Murchison, 1929). The definition of psychology includes systematic study because psychology uses the rigorous and highly disciplined methods of science. It does not rely on some mysterious and supernatural explanation for human behavior, as our early ancestors presumably did. It is not content to describe behavior as some philosopher of the past, however brilliant, may have imagined it to be. Psychology is skeptical and demands proof. It is based on controlled experiments and on observations made with the greatest possible precision and objectivity (Calkins, 1916). Throughout the Middle Ages, intellectual and philosophical figures scrutinized behavior primarily from a spiritual rather than a scientific perspective. Then again, a number of philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries provided sizeable inputs to the expansion of psychology. Great thinkers of all times have attacked and criticized the god-idea with philosophical arguments. Despite this, the god-idea is still alive. Propped up by questionable arguments and means, it still clings to life. Rene Descartes is one of the inquisitive minds in history. Since Descartes has found a piece of certain knowledge, that he exists as a thinking thing, he starts to look around for more of self- evident truths. He discovers that he has quite a few of them, prominent among these being the truths of mathematics and logic, and he is optimistic about his chances for developing a system of certain knowledge. Then he realizes a kink in his plan. These clear and distinct perceptions are only indubitable so long as he is attending to them (Hocking, 1912) Rene Descartes portrayed the body and mind as unconnected elements that heavily shape each other. Descartes proposed that the transmission between body and mind happened in the pineal gland in the brain (Kemp, 1990). Additionally, Rene Descartes assumed that there was no problem that human reason could not solve if the correct method was employed. This was also the assumption Locke called into critical question, namely the belief that the human mind has capabilities that enable it to discover the true nature of the universe. To his contemporaries, Descartes was wasting his time by trying to discover what must be absolutely true in the real world. He is not arguing against material objects, just material object substances. He says that something can exist when either he sees or feels it, when he perceives it, or when some other spirit perceives it (Palmer, 2001). View of material object substances was that they are caused by the object itself or by God. And God would be a deceiver if he caused the ideas, but God isn’t a deceiver so material object substances exist in and of themselves. Some psychologists reject Descartes’ ideas because he thinks that God is the cause of material object substances, but that doesn’t make him a deceiver (Palmer, 2001). Descartes aimed at the more modest objective of clearing the ground a little, and removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way of knowledge. Descartes hit upon a bold and original interpretation of how the mind works, and from this, described the kind and extent of knowledge we can expect from the human mind. The scope of our knowledge, according to Descartes, is limited to our experience. This was not a new insight as both Bacon and Thomas Hobbes had urged before him that knowledge should be built upon observation, and to this extent they indeed could be called empiricists. And so through the centuries, humanity remained absorbed in the attempt to explain human nature. The philosophers like Rene Descartes speculated. Literary giants wrote of human passions, struggles, triumphs, and tragedies. But the facts were not available; only personal opinion and guesswork. It was impossible to know for sure how we see and hear until modern science learned about light and sound waves and the way they affect nerve endings within the body. Human moods and emotions could not be analyzed until science identified the substances secreted by the human glands and the complex way the glands interact with the brain. The process of heredity could not be understood until biologists discovered the chromosomes, genes, and the chemical key to life called DNA. The influence of environment was unclear until psychologists established the facts about learning and about development from infant to adult (Kantor, 1963). Though Descartes may have seen science and psychology as unified science, the relevant eternal worth of each exhibits the enormous disparity between them. Descartes’ version of psychology is rooted in conjecture that has ever since been abandoned with improved comprehension and technology brought to light, while his role in biology was found on competent annotations deduced with ardent insight that survived centuries of criticisms (Calkins, 1916). Even today, we do not know the full story, and perhaps we never will, for human behavior is so complex that it may forever defy complete understanding. But psychologists aided by the progress of other scientists have found some of the answers, and they are making new discoveries all the time. The psychological experiment, psychology itself, has come a long way since the science began. At the start, the idea of taking approach to the study of behavior required a radical shift in human thinking and invention of brand-new techniques of study. The early psychologists lacked the tools necessary for sophisticated exploration. All in all the science has had a remarkably rich history, and it would be impossible to list all of Rene Descartes’ influential ideas that have made important contributions. The progress has been especially rapid in recent years, as knowledge has built on knowledge, and many of the facts and terms were unknown even a few decades ago. Each new finding made by Descartes’ descendants raises new questions and demands new explanations, and it is unlikely that psychologists will ever complete their exploration of the vast domain they have entered. But they have gone a long way toward probing the very core of human nature and human experience, including mental processes and behavior in all their great variety from a baby’s first faltering attempts at learning to an adult’s complex emotions, strivings, conflicts, and social adjustments or maladjustments. Without taking the scientific approach, it is difficult to reach valid conclusions about human behavior. The nonscientist is almost bound to commit numerous mistakes of observation and interpretation and to make judgments based on faulty or insufficient evidence. All of us tend to generalize from our own feelings and experiences, though what we see in ourselves is not necessarily characteristic of people on general. Or we generalize from the actions and opinions of the people we know, which again are not necessarily universal. Thus the findings of Descartes often come as a surprise, even to psychologists themselves (Murchison, 1929).

The Coriolis effect Essay Example

The Coriolis effect Essay Example The Coriolis effect Paper The Coriolis effect Paper Galileus corrected this view by explaining the path of such a projectile as a parabola, where a continual downward motion acts on the object, that being the pull of gravity. Newton furthered Galileus argument in showing mathematically, that the impetus was not used up, rather gravity restricted the cannons range by altering the shape to that of a parabola. Newton would argue that when sufficient force is given to the shell, the projectile would fall all the way around the Earth, never touching the ground, prescribing an elliptical orbit. But here is a contradiction. The trajectory of a projectile must follow the arc of an ellipse, not that of a parabola. The curve of a parabola is totally different to an ellipse, so, why then, does Science maintain such a basic false belief? Newton did not realise that he copied an error. It is obvious he did not understand the effects of atmospheric drag, cross-winds, tail winds, chemical behaviour, supersonic melting, and the rotation of the Earth, (the Coriolis effect) because these effects were scientific mysteries at that time. Since Newtons time, much has been discovered and alterations made to Newtons theory. But these changes were at great cost. Although new words and definitions clarified Newtons laws, the nineteenth century scientists and mathematicians who resolved Newtons initial mistakes and omissions, feared scientific outrage, for Newton, the legend, grew more powerful in death. Many who although correct and for the correct reasons, attacked The Great Newton, became ostracised by the scientific community. Credit was rarely bestowed on them, leaving them in historys void. One can pick up virtually any Physics book (this one included) to discover unique translations and understandings of Newtons laws by each author. In Newtons Principia (1726) , the three laws of motion are written as; Law 1. Every body perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by force impressed thereon. Law 11. The alteration of motion is ever proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force is impressed. Law 111. To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction; or the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. The second law is perhaps the most changed through translation. There are so many interpretations of this law that the situation becomes rather confusing. The following are three common variations on Newtons theme. The force required to accelerate a body is proportional to the product of its mass and its acceleration. (Various authors)that if an unbalanced force acts upon a body, the body will be accelerated; the magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the unbalanced force, and in the direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the unbalanced force. (H. Semat) The acceleration caused by one or many forces acting on a body is proportional in magnitude to the resultant of the forces, and parallel to its direction, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body. (Resnick Halliday) But these translations seem to have different meanings. In the Principia, Newtons words describe this second law with If any force generates a motion, a double force will generate double the motion, a triple force triple the motion, whether that force be impressed altogether and at once, or gradually and successively. And this motion (being always directed the same way with the generating force), if the body moved before, is added to or subducted from the former motion, according as they directly conspire with or are directly contrary to each other; or obliquely joined, when they are oblique, so as to produce a new motion compounded from the determination of both. Newtons second law seems to be in contradiction to his third law, though there is something in the third law which many fail to see. Again, from Newtons Principia, the description of the third law is If a body impinges upon another, and by its force change the motion of the other, that body also (because of the equality of the mutual pressure) will undergo an equal change, in its own motion, towards the contrary part. The changes made by these actions are equal, not in the velocities but in the motion of bodies; that is to say, if the bodies are not hindered by any other impediments. For, because the motions are equally changed, the changes of the velocities made towards contrary parts are reciprocally proportional to the bodies. Both Newton and Galileus noticed that the outcome bore an inverse proportionality to the body (the mass) of the object. Yet, none of the equations involve the square root of the mass, or the mass squared. In mathematics, when two or more variables are proportional, then the mathematics reflects that concern by the use of the symbol ? . Normally, Newton calls equal proportions, equal, but here he does not and none of the translations do. Universally, they must use the word proportional, not equal. The equation written as F = m a, does not state any proportionality, rather the emphatic is bluntly stated using the operand equals. This equation fails to imply proportionality or that the force is directly proportional, or for that matter, that there is a reciprocity in proportions between the components. Should not the equation be written as F ? m a or perhaps, F = m2 a If F = m2 a happens to be true, it would create a disaster in many areas, for it does not answer (at this moment) any questions, rather it would create a million problems. Proving such as true, would mean that the standards and definitions currently accepted by Physics and the other sciences, (those that rely on the accuracy of Newtons equation F = m a ) would need to be replaced and reworked. Newtons laws of motion relate to linear motion, to all motion in a straight line, when such motion is not found, not possible on the Earth. The cosmological planet Earth is turning on its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes 4. 1 seconds, a rotational speed of 0. 0000116057615 rps. This may be slow, but it is rotating, for even Galileos last words And the Earth still moves made this message clear. The rotation on the Sun is much slower for one revolution takes about 28 days, giving a rotational speed of 0. 0000004145 rps. Jupiters rotation is the most rapid of all the planets completing a single rotation in 9 hours 50 minutes, a rotational speed of 0. 0000282485875 rps. The equatorial tip-speed of astronomical objects, even at low rotational speeds can be an awesome number, due to the radius of the object. A galaxy just a thousand light years across, having a circumference of 3,141. 59 light years does not need to rotate very quickly for the tip-speed to present a red-shift approaching light speed. An annual difference in position of a light year would need to equal the distance light travels in that year, so, the galaxy would need to turn just once in 3,141. 59 years, at which point the outer stars and nebulosity would reach light speed. Generally, galaxies rotate very slowly, but this does not make them any different to normal matter, for the Laws of Nature apply across and throughout the Universe. The major forces involved in a galaxy are rotational. Although magnetism and gravity are far less powerful forces, they shape the galaxy, promoting other fantastic effects. The source of cosmological rotational energy can originate from near-miss gravitational interactions, such as when a galactic body of stars is pulled towards a passing galaxy, the gravitational disturbance produces a sling-shot-effect and the distribution of energy causes both galactic bodies to respond to such motion. But to understand a galaxy means understanding rotation. Foucaults gyroscope is the most amazing scientific toy to observe rotational energy. The toy can be purchased from most toy stores, newsagents and educational supply companies for less than $20. The basic gyroscope can be made for less than a dollar from odds and ends, constructed by attaching a small shaft through the centre of a balanced disk. All spinning objects are gyroscopes; a trucks spinning tyre; a spinning thumb tack; a childs top; a motor; the flywheel and the turbine. As a disk is spun at a high rotational speed, several strange events will be noticed, but be careful, basic safety procedures should be observed, for spinning objects have a habit of breaking apart, grabbing hair, causing deep wounds, and racing across the floor, possessing a definite tendency to break the most expensive piece of pottery in the house. Murpheys laws apply. There are many observational illusions that lurk in rotating devices. With the axis vertical, merely placing the stationary gyroscope on the floor, shows the force of gravity, for it falls over. However, when the disk is spun as rapidly as possible, the device defies gravitys pull, standing upright without falling over, yet the spinning disk and its frame have the same weight. The spinning disk may develop a strange wobble, where the top-most point of the axis seems to follow a circular path, but no matter what is done, this precession follows the direction of rotation. This is the precession of the axis. There seems to be no way of making the precession travel in the reverse direction to the rotation. One can shake, vibrate, thump it, flick or attack the frame, without any change to the direction of precession. It could be easy to argue using simple observations to conclude that precession has something to do with the direction of rotation, gravity, or the bearing drag, but this is not so. Turning the spinning gyroscope upside-down or making it spin in the opposite direction, does not alter the direction of precession for it still follows the direction of spin. Most Physics educators fall head-first into the because-it-is-done-this-way trap, because an observational illusion dictates the mathematics and international scientific agreement alters the truth, hiding the mechanism. The method locks the bottom axle bearing to a hypothetical x-y-z coordinate point in relating precession to the force of gravity on the entire structure acting at that point. This is not the true reference point for the gyroscope is not a terrestrially referenced device, yet the terrestrial frame of reference is repeatedly used. The gyroscopes frame of reference is Universal. To prove this, it is necessary to do something so trivial, the feat escapes the attention of the most observant. Simply pick the spinning gyroscope up by the top-most bearing and it is seen to precess in the opposite direction to the spin! Immediately, all gravitational and bearing drag effects have been eliminated. An obvious observational error has introduced a nasty knowledge virus into Science where all observations of the gyroscope use the terrestrial frame of reference. The mathematical explanations of the gyroscope and its precession are illusions with physical manifestations producing complex physical properties! The gyroscope precesses around the gyroscopes axial centre, not the bottom-most bearing or the centre of mass. Mass irregularities between the axial centre and the centre of mass result in several commonly observed gyroscopic effects. If precession were a terrestrial event, then it would present opposite motion in each hemisphere, but then the Earth also precesses so where is the gravity pulling the Earth? Figure 14-1 changes the mathematical explanations in a single blow. Having realised the error, the mechanism must be found. But what happens when two disks are fixed to the same shaft? A train has such wheels, where a steel axle shaft supports a gyroscopic tyre on each end. Effectively, two independent gyroscopes are connected to a common shaft. The direction and speed of both gyroscopes can only be identical, where any differences will result from the mass distribution and balance of the tyres. The axle is connected to the bogie frame supporting each end of the shaft with a bearing. As the two disks rotate together, the left hand gyroscope has a precession clockwise on the left side and anti-clockwise to the right side. The right hand gyroscope is identical, meaning that along the centre shaft, there is a conflict in precession. The left wheel is twisting the shaft anti-clockwise, while the right wheel is twisting the shaft clockwise. At certain speeds, dangerous resonances occur in the shaft as the dual precession twists and strains the shaft. Figure 14-1 Reversing precession The complete bogie mounts two or more independent axle-wheel pairs. As the axles roll on the track, the left side wheels are twisting with a clockwise precession, while the right hand wheels are twisting with an anti-clockwise precession to the outside. Each wheel may be precessing at different rates. Bogie-slap is the term sometimes used to describe this effect, for no matter how well balanced the wheels may be, the bogie will wobble between the rails so erratically, it is to the discomfort of passengers, knocking the tracks apart, which, if not corrected can lead to a derailment. The solution to bogie-slap is to independently support inclined wheels on their own axles (figure 14-2). Figure 14-2 The Method of Correcting the dangerous gyroscopic instabilities in train wheels What happens when one continually flexes a thin wire? Even though the shaft may be 20 cm diameter machined steel, with time it must suffer metal fatigue, a molecular failure. The broken axle is generally attributed to mechanical failure not gyroscopically produced metal fatigue. Figure 14-2 illustrates this effect where the dual gyroscope action causes flexing, bending and distortion of the axle. When a motor is connected to a pulley, it forms the same dual structure with the same inherent twisting and resonance problems. As the motor spins up in speed, the connecting shaft enters regular periods of stability and instability as the twisting forces resonate through the shaft. This effect has nothing to do with gravity! With high speed drink mixers, the motors rotation passes through a speed-up gear system. The drive shaft of the high speed blender, has at one end, a very small gear coupled to a large motor gear. The beauty of this design is that it reduces the dual gyroscope effect, allowing the blender to reach speeds in excess of 10,000 rpm (166. 6 rps). Geologists have a great deal of trouble explaining why the Earths interior is hot. They believe that the internal temperature is related absolutely to the breakdown of atoms through nuclear events, where radioactive decay is the only accepted explanation. If this were the case, evidence should be found to substantiate the claim, like, everyone living near an active volcano should suffer radiation sickness and have mutant children. Radioactive decay need not be the full picture, for the rotating Earth must be considered as a rotating object, not as a static object. Any sphere can be considered as made up of many parallel balanced disk pairs, layer by layer, mounted on the axis. Each pair of disks forms the dual gyroscopic structure where the twisting forces are at loggerheads with each other, causing flexure, heating and stirring in the Earths interior. As long as the Earth turns on its axis, it will remain hot. Once a planet loses it rotation it will rapidly cool and solidify. Such dead non-rotating planets include Venus, Mercury and The Moon. Seismically, these dead planetary objects, when struck would all ring-like-a-bell. Massive dark objects, perhaps greater in size and mass than the Sun, will be found to exist in the Galaxy, as collapsed, non-rotating dead-stars. Such objects would contain normal matter, with normal densities, perhaps with a crust much like the Earth, of silicates and frozen gasses, water, Helium, Hydrogen, and Carbon structures. Gravitational differentiation (settling and separation of different mass molecules) in the cooling stellar mass may lead to critical mass conditions developing unstable shells at particular radial distances within the mass, causing an explosion that may regularly blow the dead-star apart, in many supernova events forming dangerous dark rubble-stars. Effectively, as the Earth is slowing down, it is losing heat ever so slightly. The current rate of slow down may be a second every century, but it is still a slow down. Back when the dinosaurs existed, the Earth would have experienced a much faster rotation. Perhaps, when the primordial Coriolis blob formed the Sun and Earth, the rotation may have been once every eight hours. This leads to a problem, because mankind is attempting to extract electrical power from geothermal sources. The greater the rate that power is removed, the cooler the Earth will become and the greater the rate of slow-down. Rotational energy does not work like gravity. It is not related to the actual or inferred centre of mass. The centre of mass is only a hypothetical point of maximum signal strength used in gravitational-feedback calculations. Nature does not work through calculations, rather she works with cause and effect, selectively evolving through survivors. Over-and-over-again, Nature will try the same experiment, even though failures occur, but one experiment will create a survivor. Many survivors create a colony. The key needed to solve Natures rotational trick is the direction of the axis itself. With any rotating object, a sphere, shell, cube, box, cylinder or, tube, prism or block, the axis must be considered as having no mass. The axle may have a mass, but the axis itself has zero mass. The axis is a hypothetical line joining all positions of zero motion, about which centrifugal forces radiate. Relativity shows there are actually two primary forces involved here, the centripetal force and the centrifugal force. The centripetal force holds matter together and allows energy to be transferred from the axis to the circumference of the object or vice versa. The centrifugal force is the radial spin-out force remaining perpendicular to the axis, from the particular axial height to the circumference at that height in the perpendicular direction. The gyroscope is not defying gravity, rather it is locking onto a fixed universal stationary direction, having a slipping plane direction. Figure 14-3 addresses the attributes of the gyroscope. Figure 14-3 The Gyroscopes forces. One demonstration of this is the nylon fibre lawn edge trimmer, where a single strand of 8 or 10 gauge nylon thread is twirled around a central hub so rapidly that it takes on the resilience of blade steel. Slow motion images of this cord show it to be absolutely taut, at an angle perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Equally, when a thin plastic disk is rotated, even at relatively low speeds, the disk takes on a rigidity perpendicular to the axis. Typical applications of this include the floppy disk drive and CD player. A soft plastic disk when rotated can be used to cut through much harder materials, due to the change in molecular strength. Describe the motion of a spinning woollen pom-pom with respect to the rotation. Across the surface of a rotating disk, the atmosphere is pulled around with the disk to be spun off creating a super high speed wind immediately above the disks surface. So powerful is this molecular wind, it is capable of holding tightly sprung disk-drive heads well apart and away from the surface of the floppy disk. A method of killing a disk drive is to evacuate the disk-head chamber. The same occurs in the hard disk drive (HDA), but rather than having one disk, the computers HDA may have as many as twenty four pancaked disks. The disk drive heads are virtually clamped together, but as the head assembly approaches the disk, the wind opens the heads and blows them apart, holding then at a constant height at that radius. The slower the disk speed (towards the centre), the closer the heads are to the surface. A particle of smoke hitting the head can cause gyroscopic instabilities between the head and the platter resulting in a head crash. This does not normally eventuate, though, when it does, the event is to be remembered, for nothing much remains. Typically, the head crash causes the disk to be cut away near the axis whereupon the disk sheers away. Needless to say, all the data stored on that disk drive is lost. Due to the seek times and storage needed in major mainframe computer installations, removable disk platters were used. Some of these drives spun the 8 plate 30cm diameter platters at speeds above 5,000 rpm ( 83. 3 rps producing a tip speed of some 178. 53 m/s or 282 Km/h). The head crash could cut the disk from the platter in a second. Once airborne, the disk would smash through the protective housing, the casing, flying-off across the computer room to bury itself edge-wise into any distant object, with such an impact force, chemical reactions take place between the disk and the object it entered. These disks do not strike objects, they enter them and form chemical bonds. As the gyroscope spins, it passes through periods of absolute stability, followed by periods of instability. As the disk slows, the precession becomes more and more pronounced. Eventually as the rotation fails, the force of gravity grounds the gyroscope. This effect indicates an atomic and molecular resonance in the gyroscope, where the centrifugal and centripetal forces are continually compensating. A magnetic shock travels along the axis and rebounds, but in the mean time, the disk has rotated. If the reflection point is immediately below or 180 degrees out of phase, stability exists in the gyroscope, however, as the reflection point drifts out of phase, the systems instability increases as the axis is knocked from the vertical position and then precession follows the rotation. The precession may cause the object to violently wobble when the phase shift is 90 degrees. This is a molecular resonance effect and is different between different materials. This is the G-wave, an effect caused by matters elasticity. The effect can be seen and heard during instability where the forces are so great, bearing grab presents a drag force causing maximum axial deviation and the observed precession. As the disk precesses, the bearings are pushed and pulled sideways with greater friction, transferring considerable rotation to the mounting frame. At high speeds the bearing drag pulls the gyroscopes mounting frame around rapidly but as soon as stability returns the frame ceases to be dragged around. With the on-set of stability, the pressure on the bearings is constant and minimal while the energy losses to the mounting frame are minimised. A worst case scenario is called bike-slap. It is a problem that has killed many expert motor bike riders. This is not a rider error, it is a serious motor bike problem. The effect results from numerous design errors in both the design and manufacture of the bike frame. It is a manufacturing fault and as such the manufacturers should be made to pay compensation to the families of those they have murdered and maimed through negligence. There is no justification for an inferior design in the market place, however one often observes the effect during motor bike races (to the amusement of the crowd). Basically, the frame holds the motor and its flywheel (the first gyroscope). As the steering geometry changes at speed, a small displacement in the angle of the front forks caused by a twist in the front wheel (the second gyroscope) to a slightly different angle to the real wheel (the third gyroscope) and the engine. The frame is allowed to flex within reason and within certain tolerances. The frame absorbs and stores the twisting forces as the rider enters a corner with the power on. As the corner is negotiated, the power applied to the back wheel is changed, but then without any warning, the twist forces stored in the frame suddenly release causing the bike to slap to one side, immediately throwing the front and rear wheels sideways, initiating precession at different rates in different respective directions, violently establishing an uncontrollable buckling oscillation in the bike, causing each gyroscope to slip, creating an effect much like sitting on a bucking bull. The rider can be lucky riding this bull and be thrown clear. Then again, one can be thrown under the oncoming traffic, into a curb, or have the bike come crashing down on top of oneself. This is not a pleasant experience and may occur by simply turning a corner at slow speed. Some very interesting effects are noted when the gyroscopes curved steel frame is supported by a moderately strong bar magnet (figure 14-4). An electrical eddy current flows in the spinning disk, effectively holding the gyroscope against the precession forces. To walk the square pole piece of the magnet into a different supporting position, (without touching the frame with the hands) is quite difficult. The bearings apply changing forces on the spinning mass, causing the axis to precess differently. One can hear the bearings grab as the axis attempts to remain pointing in the same direction. The energy transfer from the frame to the disk and back to the frame causes sudden and rapid axial direction changes. Moving the support position towards the axis reverses the precession while moving the support from the axis to the circumference produces a normal but temporary precession. In each case, the precession is sudden, and locks to a new direction. But there is more. Figure 14-4 Hanging the Gyroscope When the bar magnet is hung from 35 cm of string or wire, so that the magnet is vertical and away from any nearby obstruction, just hanging in space, the gyroscopes precession oscillates, due to the interaction between the magnet, the Earths rotation and magnetic field as well as the support position changes taking place. A small 1. 5 cm steel ball bearing placed in the magnetic circuit between the pole piece and the support housing removes the support position component caused by the square face of the magnet. With this change, normal precession is still resisted, giving a wobble until the disk starts to slow down. A great deal of bearing grab is heard as the gyroscope twists the string. With the axis slipping to the vertical, a great deal of vibration will be seen in the string. When prevented from slipping, the vibration in the string becomes pronounced. This stored twist force does not release until the rotation virtually ceases. The Gaxis seems to favour coming to rest pointing more vertically in the East-West direction. A well known childs toy, called the topsy-turvey-top, establishes a scientific problem of the first order. This has been addressed in several outstanding scientific papers. Basically, the top is weighted differently so that when spun between the fingers, it lands on the surface on its point, as do most other tops, but then completely does a back-flip to spin in the opposite direction, without any loss of rotational speed, balancing on the tops top point with stability. This is not really balancing as such. This is a demonstration of the conflict between rotational energy and gravity. How is the direction reversed? To change the direction of a gyroscope involves overcoming the centrifugal forces holding the axis in place. Once sufficient force is obtained, the axis can be made to move, to slip or yaw, rolling over so that the rotation of the axis is in the opposite direction, so any precession reverses, being relative to the direction of motion around the axis. For a locomotive pulling a train, travelling on a single track to change direction, requires slowing down, stopping completely and then pushing the train in the opposite direction. The same happens when a ball strikes a wall. Particle reflection takes a great deal of time and uses considerable energy to reverse the direction. However, the train may travel.

Allusion Report the Burning Bush

He found it to be an ordinary desert bush, but the fire was far from ordinary. The fire consuming the bush was God presenting himself to Moses. When God spoke to Moses, he told him to unite his brothers (Israelites) and leave the land of oppression, Egypt. The allusion of the Burning Bush has been used in the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, three different times. â€Å"One cat’ takes and shoves ten families out. Cat’s all over hell now. Tear in and shove the croppers out. † (Chapter 2, page 13) Here, the truck driver is telling Tom how tractors are driving people out of the land. This alludes to the Burning Bush as being the harassment which families are fleeing from. Reverend Jim Casy- was a Burning Busher. † (Chapter 4, page 27) Casy is referred to as the burning busher because he motivates and inspires others around him. â€Å"We’d keep together on the road an’ it’d be good for ever’body. † (Chapter 13, page 202) In the Book of Exodus, God tells Moses to unite with his brother so that they will have a change of survival. Here, Tom is telling others that neither fam ily would survive if they traveled alone, but if they travel together they will have a greater chance at surviving. The Burning Bush represents numerous symbols to Jews and Christians, such as God’s energy, sacred light, illumination, as well as the burning heart of purity, love and clarity. It is argued by many skeptical scholars that Moses was under the influence of a hallucinogenic when he says to have encountered the Burning Bush. Many entheogens have been found in south Israel and were used regularly for religious purposes by the Israelites. Works Cited â€Å"Burning Bush – New World Encyclopedia. † Info:Main Page – New World Encyclopedia. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Burning_Bush. Ben, Jesse, and Phil. â€Å"The Burning Bush. † Allusions of Exodus in Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. ;http://reufus59. tripod. com/id5. html;. Deffinbaugh, Bob. â€Å"The Burning Bush (Exodus 3:1-15) | Bible. org – Worlds Largest Bible Study Site. † Free NET Bible and Thousands of Bible Studies | Bible. org – Worlds Largest Bible Study Site. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. ;http://bible. org/seriespage/burning-bush-exodus-31-15;. Allusion Report the Burning Bush He found it to be an ordinary desert bush, but the fire was far from ordinary. The fire consuming the bush was God presenting himself to Moses. When God spoke to Moses, he told him to unite his brothers (Israelites) and leave the land of oppression, Egypt. The allusion of the Burning Bush has been used in the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, three different times. â€Å"One cat’ takes and shoves ten families out. Cat’s all over hell now. Tear in and shove the croppers out. † (Chapter 2, page 13) Here, the truck driver is telling Tom how tractors are driving people out of the land. This alludes to the Burning Bush as being the harassment which families are fleeing from. Reverend Jim Casy- was a Burning Busher. † (Chapter 4, page 27) Casy is referred to as the burning busher because he motivates and inspires others around him. â€Å"We’d keep together on the road an’ it’d be good for ever’body. † (Chapter 13, page 202) In the Book of Exodus, God tells Moses to unite with his brother so that they will have a change of survival. Here, Tom is telling others that neither fam ily would survive if they traveled alone, but if they travel together they will have a greater chance at surviving. The Burning Bush represents numerous symbols to Jews and Christians, such as God’s energy, sacred light, illumination, as well as the burning heart of purity, love and clarity. It is argued by many skeptical scholars that Moses was under the influence of a hallucinogenic when he says to have encountered the Burning Bush. Many entheogens have been found in south Israel and were used regularly for religious purposes by the Israelites. Works Cited â€Å"Burning Bush – New World Encyclopedia. † Info:Main Page – New World Encyclopedia. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Burning_Bush. Ben, Jesse, and Phil. â€Å"The Burning Bush. † Allusions of Exodus in Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. ;http://reufus59. tripod. com/id5. html;. Deffinbaugh, Bob. â€Å"The Burning Bush (Exodus 3:1-15) | Bible. org – Worlds Largest Bible Study Site. † Free NET Bible and Thousands of Bible Studies | Bible. org – Worlds Largest Bible Study Site. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. ;http://bible. org/seriespage/burning-bush-exodus-31-15;.